Why are data hard to value, Pt. 2

Why are data hard to value, Pt. 2: Nobody wants data just for the sake of data. Data are valued for their end use (derived demand). When data producers and users are the same organization, assessing the value of data is straightforward (primary demand). But when data are shared and put to use by outside organizations (secondary demand), it is much harder to assess their value because producers and hubs often don’t know (1) how the data are used, (2) if the data lead to action, and (3) how demand changes over time.